How to Make a Good Presentation Fast

How to Make a Good Presentation Fast Effective Tips for PowerPoint Presentations: Get the Most of Them! Home›Tips for Students›Effective Tips for PowerPoint Presentations: Get the Most of Them! Tips for StudentsWhat do you feel when you hear the terms ‘presentation’ or ‘public speech’? Most probably, you cannot stay indifferent getting a strong emotional response. What is your first emotion when you remember your first class PowerPoint presentation? Are you still trembling when you recollect that experience?Best tips for PowerPoint presentations: use them to be a great speaker Here we offer you top notch tips for PowerPoint presentations which you can use when you have to speak in public. The talent of a speaker can be developed, and we want to equip you with he necessary knowledge that you can use to build your presentation. You do not have to strive for becoming a motivational speaker or a professional presenter. However, you need good skills of public speaking and presenting ideas for various life contex ts. Be a pro in speaking in public owing to our tips for effective PowerPoint presentations.It is a challenging and even overwhelming process to give a good presentation. It is not easy to decide on the effective beginning or right timing. Thus, you will find it useful to learn more about constructing presentations taking doable steps according to this handy tutorial. What we do is to make a combination of technical skills and effective presenting. You need to know the straightforward series of stages for creating a great presentation, and we will help you do that. Just follow our guidelines step-by-step and engage your audience into your speech.It is content that mattersOne of the most important PowerPoint presentations tips is to mind not the form, but the content first. If you care more about design, photos for your slides, and animations, you make a common mistake of all new users of PowerPoint presentations. Set another priority. Make content go first. You should know what you will talk about before you start creating a presentation.All in all, there are two main rules for you to take into account before you start working on the presentation content:Wrong â€" You open the app and choose the color scheme and themes before working on the content.Right â€" You take into account the interests of your audience and think what they can feel when the listen to your speech and look at your presentation. Organize your ideas in a note-taking app and arrange your content properly. Take a piece of paper to write on and follow the steps of content writing.NB: You decide on what to talk about before creating a PowerPoint presentation.Tips for PowerPoint Presentations for StudentsStep 1. Decide on the goal of your presentationCollect all the ideas and place them into a PowerPoint file for further use. You have to know your goal before you start working.Step 2. Decide on the audienceWho will listen to your speech? Are they aware about your topic? Are they interested in wh at you will speak about? Having analyzed a number of presentations, we see that they frequently share information in a similar way. This approach of one-size-fits-all is not very effective; so, it is much better to customize the content and form in accordance with the interests of the audience. Good tips for PowerPoint presentations suggest speaking to economists and high school students in a different manner. Help your audience comprehend your speech well, and make the most of it by tailoring your ideas to their interests.NB: Having decided on the key goal, think about your main audience. Always consider the level of knowledge your potential listeners have on the topic is.Define your audience answering the following questions:? What have your audience known about the topic prior the presentation? ? What do your listeners know about you? In some cases, the presentation is shown to absolute strangers, while in other cases, the audience is made of your colleagues who know what to expe ct from you. ? What are the expectations of your audience? Will they come to get information, get your advice on finding some solution, learn a new skill, or just to have fun? According the tips on PowerPoint presentations, all the mentioned aspects are to be taken into account. Approach the unfamiliar people in a manner different from that use for the audience of teachers and friends. It is recommendable to have a different presentation for every audience. It means that you should develop multiple versions to address different people. Put the needs of your audience first, and make your PowerPoint presentation as persuasive as possible.Step 3. Decide on the main presentation pointsHaving defined both the goal and the audience of your presentation, it is high time to work on the outline which would fit them perfectly. Working on the presentation outline, try to connect all the aspects in accordance to the ultimate original goal. Actually, there are no strict guidelines about creating an outline; so, just focus on the proper structure of the presentation content and prepare an effective roadmap for the speaker. Do not forget to use bullet points to accentuate the main ideas.Step 4. Work on the supporting pointsKeep improving the outline. Identify the major points at a profound level. So, you have a list of key ideas, but it is time to complete them with a deeper level of detail. Think of effective supporting ideas and develop a fundamental level of your presentation outline. So, having built the content pyramid, it is important to form a solid bottom with the key goals with the outline on the top with the drive of the supporting points.Step 5. Add valuable contentLeaning how to make a good presentation and having arrived at this point, it is time for you to check if you have the main items on your list to use them in your presentation. Those main items are the following:Goal of your presentation â€" it is the driving force of your presentation and the ultimate r esult that your audience will obtain.Defined audience those are the people who listen to your presentation and the level of their awareness.Outline â€" being a presentation roadmap, it contains guideposts for appropriate design and creating a presentation.Support â€" separate ideas, facts, and information required for building the case which your audience will hear and see.Now when you have a general idea of how to make a good PowerPoint presentation, you can start your work.Lets Start Working with PowerPointUse the outline view in the presentationAn outline can be designed in different apps, but PowerPoint also makes it possible to use the outline view. Thus, you can upload the written outline into your presentation.Complete the slides with short tipsNever read the presentation content literally word-for word! It is no good to lose the attention of your audience. Why should they listen to you if they can merely read through the lines of your presentation? There is no need in full sentences of the bullet points. Present the idea summaries while speaking and presenting ideas. Improve the readability with large font! Make the sentences brief and concise.Use different PowerPoint layoutsA layout is a combination of numerous elements, in particular content boxes and media placeholders. There is a great variety of options which can help you be an expert in how to make a good PPT presentation.Work on the good look of the PowerPoint presentationWith a good theme for your presentation, you will feel that you can be more effective as a speaker. You can find a variety of PowerPoint built-in themes and use them as a great starting point. Nevertheless, try to opt for some other unique alternatives.Use visualizationsUsing visualizations breaks the bullet point monotony and makes your PowerPoint memorable. A chart placed properly or a great image included can present the fact in a visually appealing manner and help you hold the attention of the audience.Present only after p reparationIt is no longer a problem for you to tell how to make a good presentation PPT. It is the time for practical work on the presentation, developing the content and designing an attractive presentation. It is one of the most frightening stages, but you can deliver effectively. You know how useful the features of PowerPoint are and how helpful they are in making you feel confident. Do not forget to use them in your presentations!Use Speaker NotesIt is impossible to have everything in the slides; so, additional details should be added to the Speaker Notes.Opt for the PowerPoint Presenter ViewThe most effective tips for PowerPoint presentations recommend using the presentation mode if the device is connected to an external display. Thus, the audience and you will see the same on the screen.

Personal Statement Developing Others - 1137 Words

Developing others. Leaders, who show a sincere concern while developing others, mentor those they lead, by promoting their abilities while understanding their goals, strengths, and weaknesses. Furthermore, provide useful feedback in a timely manner so goals can be obtained, strengths can be capitalized, and weaknesses can be addressed. My supervisor has no desire to develop others. He does not mentor or provide valuable feedback. He has never asked me what my goals are hence, no mentorship. My evaluation was six months late, furthermore, generic, therefore, it did not capture my goals, strengths, or weaknesses. His strategy of developing others is pounding on the desk and yelling. Change catalyst. Leaders, who are adept in catalyzing change, are capable of recognizing the necessity for change, challenge the social and political issues, and support the new command. If faced with barriers during change, they find practical ways to overcome the obstacles. Although, the teamâ⠂¬â„¢s morale is at rock bottom, my supervisor has done absolutely nothing to change it. Regrettably, he is not adept in discovering ways to overcome challenges within his own team nor does he seem to care. Consequently, he would not be an ideal advocate for change considering his failure to understand and overcome obstacles concerning his team. Conflict management. Leaders, who are competent in managing conflict, are able to understand the different viewpoints during a conflict andShow MoreRelatedPersonal Finance : Using Accounting Principles Of Paying For Or Financing A Life And A Way Of Living808 Words   |  4 Pages(2009)), we know that â€Å"personal finance is the process of paying for or financing a life and a way of living.† That said, we also know that using accounting principles to manage our personal finances will likely yield great success in one’s tracking and planning, financially, in the long run. Understanding the sources (incomes) and uses (expenses) of funds, and the budget deficit/surplus that results, are core accounting measures to consider in short and long term personal financial planning. Read MoreHow Personal Branding And Maintenance Of One Is Crucial For The Development And Success Of Future Careers1615 Words   |  7 PagesThis study focuses on the various aspects of personal branding and how the development and maintenance of one is crucial for the development and success of future careers. With today’s tough and competitive job market, jobseekers are struggling to stand out from their peers and are used to being passed over and forgotten about by potential employers. Developing a personal brand ensures that individuals are not left behind and that they develop the competitive advantage that positions them for theRead MorePersonal Statement : Developing My Skills At This Point Have Centered Around Your Real Estate Investment Company953 Words   |  4 Pag eshave taken in researching and developing my skills at this point have centered around determine exactly what points to practice and include in my final paper. This has included reflecting on what I want my company to become, what risks I am willing to take, the amount of time and energy required to make it successful, the financial investment required, and weighing what options I am giving up to pursue this course over other options. I have also been working on developing my writing skills when it comesRead MorePersonal Vision Statement : My Vision751 Words   |  4 PagesVision Statement Introduction I am writing this statement as a declaration of my personal vision. It will serve as a guide to help ensure that my actions are corresponding to what I envision. This personal vision statement is designed to help facilitate my purpose, unforeseen obstacles, and how to manage theses obstacles. A great deal of thought has gone into constructing this vision statement and I hope that within time these endeavors fill me with a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment. MyRead MoreThe Sunday Night Blues : A Case About 59 Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pagestraditional connection of talent and duty. In Dr.Marino s article, A Life Beyond Do What You Love, he creates an effective argument about the traditional standard of self-fulfillment which is the capability of being able to avoid indulging in personal interests in order to serve something bigger than oneself. He builds his main argument by using anecdotes and hypophora s to introduce the central investigation of his article, then addresses strong counter-arguments to his stance, and finally,Read MoreVark Learning Styles: Read/Write Learning Style1002 Words   |  5 Pagesout the aspect of making sense of what is read through fixing it in memory by writing it down (Crawford, 2005). Therefore, the method strengthens the learning quality by incorporating both the senses of sight and touch. Pointed out herein is how personal reading/writing strategies compare to the VARK preferred read/write learning st yle strategies and how the awareness of the individual learning style (read/write style) influences teaching and learning. Preferred learning strategies for read/writeRead MoreA Life Beyond Do What You Love Essay1698 Words   |  7 Pagestraditional connection of talent and duty. In Dr.Marino s article, A Life Beyond Do What You Love, he creates an effective argument about the traditional standard of self-fulfillment which is the capability of being able to avoid indulging in personal interests in order to serve something bigger than oneself. He builds his main argument by using anecdotes and hypophora s to introduce the central investigation of his article, then addresses strong counter-arguments to his stance, and finally,Read MoreVark Learning Styles: Read/Write Learning Style1031 Words   |  5 Pagesout the aspect of making sense of what is read through fixing it in memory by writing it down (Crawford, 2005). Therefore, the method strengthens the learning quality by incorporating both the senses of sight and touch. Pointed out herein is how personal reading/writing strategies compare to the VARK preferred read/write learning style strategies and how the awareness of the individual learning style (read/write style) influences teaching and learning. Preferred learning strategies for read/writeRead MorePersonal Statement : God s Child1602 Words   |  7 Pagesmy mother, had to change attitudes over this loss, because another child was on the way. In the midst of all of this tragedy I was born for a purpose. One was to give my parents a new starting base and to refill their lives with hope again. The other was knowing now that I was brought into to this world for a purpose that was in God. Now to find out what that purpose really is has been the silent clincher. What is my purpose, as to what I am supposed to be fulfilling in this world, as God’s childRead MoreMission Statement : Developing A Vision And Mission942 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussion came up on mission statements. This particular company, as well as others I have consulted, lacked a mission and vision statement. They are both successful organizations, however, there was lacking the critical element of what we do and why we do it for their employees, and m ore importantly, for their customers. An important theme connects the visions statement (the leader’s strategic plan for the organization) coupled and certainly interdependent is the mission statement (what we do, how do we

Personal Statement My Foundation - 1282 Words

My Foundation in Nursing My resolution to become a nurse does not hinge upon one pivotal moment in time. Rather, nursing always played a role that seemed larger than life when I was growing up. For instance, my mother attended nursing school at a time when students were not allowed to date, hence, she gave up college to become Mrs. Hubert Fritz. In turn, this inspired my two sisters, who were more than a decade older than I, to go off to college for nurse s training. I could not help but notice how proud my parents were of Linda and Barb when they, each one in turn, were able to actualize a dream that my mother had of becoming a nurse. For I watched as my family celebrated each capping and pinning ceremony with delight. It was a†¦show more content†¦The distracted obstetrical team, entrusted with my mother’s care, ignored my mother’s pleas of â€Å"Why isn’t the baby crying† long enough to allow permanent and profound brain damage to occur. Consequently, my brother never progressed beyond the mentality of a two-year-old and would have exquisite Grand Mal seizures at least three times a week. Joe’s seizures were often severe enough to necessitate an ambulance ride to the nearest hospital 25 miles away to receive emergent intravenous anticonvulsants. The steady influence of a constant demand for attention to detail to prevent numerous complications, both critical and innocuous, gave spark to my desire to gravitate eventually towards critical care medicine. Decision to Enter Nursing School My footsteps did not follow my sisters’ directly out of high school into nursing. I had already married and had just given birth to my second child when my mother approached me, insistently, about becoming a nurse. As a result of what transpired to cause my brothers disabilities, I wrestled with my altered perception of nursing practice as one being fraught with tremendous responsibilities. In my final analysis, I decided that I would go into nursing for my mother, who never graduated college, and commit myself to a lifetime of education. But most importantly, I would become a nurse for my little brother so that I could be that person who would be: calm in the face of adversity: competent in the midst of

The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 24 Free Essays

Ella â€Å"Are you sure you want to do this?† I ask Lila for the thousandth time. She piles the last box into her trunk and slides her glasses over her eyes. â€Å"Hmmm†¦ let me think. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 24 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Go back to a home where I’m nothing but a burden? Or go back to the campus with you and have some fun?† I pick some dirt out from underneath my fingernail. â€Å"I’m just making sure, before you get too committed.† She takes my hands and gives them a swing. â€Å"I want to go with you, okay, so go say good-bye to your dad so we can hit the road.† â€Å"Okay, I’ll be right back.† I head across the front lawn for the door when Ethan’s truck pulls up in my driveway. I walk up to his window and rest my arms on it. â€Å"So you got my message I take it?† He looks like he just came from work, grease on his face and clothes, and his dark hair has some shavings of rust in it. â€Å"Yeah, I figured I’d come and say good-bye to both of you.† I slant my head to the side and pierce him with an accusing gaze. â€Å"Don’t try and pretend that you’re here for me.† He places his hand over his heart, faking hurt. â€Å"My heart is breaking and you’re making jokes. Wow, you really are evil.† â€Å"Yeah, yeah,† I back up so he can open the door and climb out. â€Å"I’ll give you two a minute.† â€Å"I think you’ve overestimating what’s going on between the two of us.† â€Å"Well, I wouldn’t have to if one of you would tell me what’s going on.† He shrugs and then rounds the back of the truck. Rolling my eyes, I walk into the house to tell my dad I’m leaving and that I plan on coming back in a couple weeks to meet up with Dean. After a long talk on the phone with him – and I’m sure a lot of persuading from Caroline – we decided to meet up here, when Dean can take off work, and give my dad an ultimatum. It’s probably one of the hardest things I’ll have to do, because I know there will be things said during the conversation that will hurt me. I’m going to push through it, though, because now I understand what I can handle. I find him on the couch, eating a microwave dinner, with a six-pack on the table in front of him. He’s watching the television, with a cigarette in his hand, and he barely notices me enter the room. â€Å"Hey Dad,† I say from the doorway. â€Å"I’m getting ready to leave.† He rips his eyes from the television, startled, and I wonder if he was even watching it or if he was dwelling in his thoughts. â€Å"Oh, okay, well drive safely.† I rub my sweaty palms together and walk into the room. â€Å"Dean and I are going to be coming back in a few weeks.† He sets his tray down and grabs a beer. â€Å"What for?† I pat my hands on the sides of my legs uneasily. â€Å"We want to talk to you about something.† He sets the beer down. â€Å"I thought Dean was still here.† I shake my head, feeling guiltier about leaving. â€Å"He went home a week or two ago†¦ but Dad, can you try and take care of yourself a little bit better?† I take a deep breath and throw a hint out into the open. â€Å"And maybe stop drinking so much?† He glances at the row of beers in front of him like he just realized they were there. â€Å"Oh, I don’t drink that much, do I?† I sigh and sit down on the couch beside him. â€Å"You didn’t used to, but now it’s kinda all you do.† He bobs his head up and down. â€Å"Alright, I’ll try to cut back.† I know he won’t, but hopefully Dean and I will be able to convince him to go to rehab where he can get the help and counseling that he needs. I give him a hug, even though he winces. Then I walk away, hoping he’ll be okay, but knowing that until he makes the decision to change all I can do is try to help him. How to cite The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 24, Essay examples

Social and Cultural Continuity and Change free essay sample

Gender roles and the status of men and women is a part of the social and cultural continuity and change among India. Men in India are frequently recognized to be more superior to the women. Gender roles within India are considered to be backwards in contrast to many westernised societies. Women are often to be seen as a nurturer and less educated than men. Once the women become married their main role in life will be to devote their lives to her husband and care for the children. Traditional beliefs recognise the father as being dominant within the home, and it is still thought today that this is the way of life. The women are still frequently unnoticed for their running of the household in the Indian society, due to traditional family roles of India; their joy in life comes from seeing it in their husband. Women’s work often goes unrecognised, just like the men; they would work in the farmland, but they were not seen using farming equipment. We will write a custom essay sample on Social and Cultural Continuity and Change or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Due to the caste system in Indian society middle-class women have never received the same amount of pay as middle-class men. It has not been until changed of independence that the middle-class women have gained the equal enhancement of income as the men. This has allowed a minority of women to accomplish advances, both professionally and socially. Another indication that Men in India are superior to women is the fact that only 12million out of 120million land owners are women

Liquid Phase Chemical Reactors Essay Example

Liquid Phase Chemical Reactors Essay Example Liquid Phase Chemical Reactors Paper Liquid Phase Chemical Reactors Paper It is also used in the laboratories in obtaining design, interpretation of rate of reaction and numerical treatment of kinetics experimental data for different types of reacting systems. The use of a batch reactor for the most part eliminates the effects due to fluid flow on the resulting reaction rates. Consequently, the data reflect the intrinsic kinetics for the reaction being investigated. The objectives of this experiments To find the reaction rate constant in a batch stirred tank reactor for the specification of ethyl acetate with dilute sodium hydroxide. To determine the effect of temperature on reaction rate constant. To find the values of rate constant and Awareness parameters. Equipment used Arm field batch stirred tank reactor A stop clock A conductivity meter Water bath (tank) with a thermostat Funnel A heat controller Two flasks of one liter each and Stock solutions (0. 1 M sodium hydroxide and 0. MM ethyl acetate). The key results obtained include Table showing rate constant, , , in a batch stirred tank reactor. T( Rate constant/ 25 30 To conclude All the objectives where met as the results below shows and from those results there is a clear indication that conductivity is inversely proportional to he temperature also the reaction rate constant is directly proportional to the temperature . From the experiment it shows that in a batch reactor, since there is no inflow or outflow, the reactants concentration reduces with time. For an overall second order reaction (first order in both components) like the one that was done in the lab, the reaction rate is also dependent on the concentration of the reactants unlike a zero order reaction that is independent of the concentrations of the reactants. Conductivity of a solution decreases with time as the solution loses it ions, it will become less conductive. The things that I learnt doing this experiment are What I have learnt from this experiment was that conductivity is used instead of concentration may be since they both directly proportional to each other and affected with the same parameters. Also I have learnt how the rate Of a reaction could be increased or decreased by factors such as temperature. Introduction A batch reactor is used in chemical processes for small scale operation, for testing new processes that have not been fully developed, for the manufacturer of expensive products and for processes that are difficult to convert to continuous operations. The advantage of batch reactor is high conversion which be obtained by leaving the reactant in the reactor for long periods of time but it also has the disadvantages of high labor costs per batch and the difficulty of large scale production. In a batch reactor, all the reactants are loaded at once, the concentration then varies with time, but at any one time it is uniform throughout. Agitation serves to mix separate feeds initially and to enhance heat transfer. Batch reactors are popular in practice because of their flexibility with respect to reaction time and to the kinds and quantities of reactions that can process. The characteristic of batch reactor such as the total mass of each batch is mixed, each batch is a closed system and the reaction (residence) time for all elements of fluid is the same. A chemical reactor is an equipment unit in a chemical process where chemical reactions take place to generate a desirable product at a specified production rate, using a given chemistry. The reactor configuration and its operating conditions are selected to achieve certain objectives such as maximizing the profit of the process, and minimizing the generation of pollutants, while satisfying several design and operating constraints (safety, controllability, availability of raw materials, etc. ). Usually, the performance of the chemical reactor plays a pivotal role in the operation and economics of the entire process since its operation affects most other units in the process (separation units, utilities, etc. ). Chemical reactors usually fulfill three main requirements: 1 . Provide appropriate contacting of the reactants. 2. Provide the necessary reaction time for the formation of the desirable product. 3. Provide the heat-transfer capability required to maintain the specified temperature range. In many instances these three requirements are to complimentary, and achieving one of them comes at the expense of another. A batch experimental reactor is used for slow reactions since species compositions can be readily measured with time. Batch reactors are used widely in industry at all scales. Batch reactors are tanks , commonly provided with agitation and a method of heat transfer ( usually by coils or external jacket) . This type of reactor is primarily employed for relatively slow reactions of several hours duration, since the downtime for filling and emptying large equipment can be significant. Agitation is used to maintain homogeneity and to improve heat transfer. In a batch reactor it consists of a tank, integral heating and cooling system; one or more fluid reagents are introduced into a tank reactor equipped with an impeller which helps to stirs the reagents to ensure proper perfect mixing. Batch chemical reactors are used for a variety of process operations such as solids dissolution, product mixing, chemical reactions, batch distillation, crystallization, liquid/liquid extraction and popularization. Chemical reactors vary widely in size, shape and method of operation; the simple types of reactor are: batch reactor (BRB); based on omelet mixing, plug flow reactor (PR); based on plug flow, continues stirred tank reactors (CAST); based on back-mix flow and laminar flow reactor (ELF); based on laminar flow. Batch reactors are used both in laboratories and industrial process for prod icing chemicals. In the laboratories, it is used in Of kinetics experimental data for different types Of reacting systems. In industries, it is used for small scale production; especially for situations whereby switching from one process or product to another are required; such as in manufacture of pharmaceuticals. It is also used in the production f polyvinyl chloride (involving suspension of popularization) and emotion popularization latex Generally several factors could influence the rate of a chemical reaction. Some of these factors include: Temperature Concentration State of reactants (that is if they are solid, liquid or gas) Order of reaction Theory The overall mass balance for the stirred reactor can be written as: Rate of change within the reactor = Input -?output-Loss by reaction For batch operation, the overall mass balance can be rearranged to: Rate of change within the reactor Loss by reaction I. E. For a material A: Where: CACAO is input concentration of A in the input stream CA = exit concentration of A in the exit stream RA rate of reaction of A. In homogeneous reaction systems, reaction rates depend on the concentration of the reactants. Collision theory indicates a rate increase if the concentration of one or both of the reactants is increased. Conversely, lowering the concentration should have the opposite effect. However, the specific effect of concentration changes in a reaction system has to be determined by experimental methods. Increasing the concentration Of substance A in reaction with substance B old increase the reaction rate, decrease it or have no effect on it depending on the particular reaction. It is important to recognize that the balanced equation for the net reaction does not indicate how the reaction rate is affected by a change in concentration of reactants. The general form of the rate law for a bimolecular reaction is: The reaction to be studied in this experiment for the batch reactor was for the specification Of ethyl acetate with dilute sodium hydroxide. The equation is as shown below: Specification is the name given to the chemical reaction that occurs when a getable oil or animal fat is mixed with a strong alkali. The products of the reaction are two: soap and glycerin. Water is also present, but it does not enter into the chemical reaction. The water is only a vehicle for the alkali, which is otherwise a dry powder. It is commonly refers to the reaction of a metallic alkali such as Lye (A. K. A. Sodium Hydroxide or Noah) with an animal or vegetable fat, or oil to produce soap. In this reaction, two products result: Soap and Glycerin. The equation is as shown below: The structural formula is shown below: Sodium Hydroxide (Noah) is a caustic base or metallic alkali Noah is used in his experiment which means it will result in a hard soap will result. In specification, the metallic alkali, in this case sodium hydroxide (Noah) breaks down the fat with which it is mixed. In soap making, fats used can either be vegetable oils like olive Oil, or animal fats. When the oil Or fat is mixed with the base the process takes place it can be endothermic reaction meaning it absorbs surrounding heat or exothermic reaction releasing heat. In the reaction the rate is expected to depend on the concentration of A and B. The order of the reaction in both components is first; therefore the action has an overall order of two, since the overall order is the sum of the power order of each of the components. Thus, from Equating equation (1) and (2) it gives: However, if the two concentration are made equal from the start, then; Integrating gives the equation 5 below: From equation (5), a graph of against can be plotted which will give a slope that is equal to rates constant Concentration of hydroxide, is the concentration of reactant A in the exit stream at time t is the initial concentration of Noah is the conductivity of the solution at time t is the conductivity Of the solution at the end Of reaction s the initial conductivity at time t = O The relationship between reaction rate and temperature is explained by Awareness equation which is given as: is the reaction rate constant is the universal gas constant (8. 314] mol-K-1) is temperature is the activation energy (k mol-l) is Awareness constant or pre-exponential factor (5-1) for a first order reaction By applying natural logarithm to both sides, equation 7 above can be re- written as shown below: A plot of against would yield a strai ght line graph from which A can be obtained as the intercept of the line at. The activation energy (EAI) can then be obtained from the slope of the graph which is given as. Thus if the slope, S z, then the activation energy can be estimated as: Reactions with low activation energy are relatively temperature-insensitive while those with high activation energies are very temperature sensitive. Therefore, any given reaction is much more temperature-sensitive at a low temperature than at a high temperature. Thus the batch stirred tank reactor allows to measure rates of reaction by observing the change of reactant concentration within the reactor with time. It can also easily change and control the temperature of the system. Experimental equipment 1 Figure 1: Layout of the experimental equipment Description As seen in figure 2, the experimental diagram shows the equipment used in the laboratory practical and the layout. These include: 1. Arm field batch reactor, which was the main equipment that was used for the experiment to take place where the reactants were mixed in; 2. A stop clock for measuring time (in seconds) after start up as the run proceed; 3. A portable conductivity meter, which measures the time dependent conductivity of the solution in the tank. The unit on the meter is Siemens m-l; 4. Water bath with a thermostat, here ethyl acetate and sodium hydroxide were place in other to maintain their temperature; 5. Funnel used to pour ethyl acetate and diluted sodium hydroxide into the batch reactor; 6. Heat controller used to control the temperature for the experiment at the different temperature; 7. Flasks used to measure out 1 liter Of each reactant(ethyl acetate and sodium hydroxide); 8. Water solution used to put the conductivity probe inside while the reactants were poured into the reactor; 9. A thermometer for measuring the water temperature. Experimental Procedure 1 . The reaction temperature was initially set to 25 co on the thermostatic tat. 2. Two 1 liter flasks were filled to the mark with sodium hydroxide solution and ethyl acetate solution respectively. They were then placed in the bath. 3. The reaction temperature was set on the reactor control panel. 4. The conductivity meter was set up and its probe end was placed in the bath to come reaction temperature. 5. The flasks were allowed to reach reaction temperature. 6. The solution of sodium hydroxide (1 liter) was added to the reactor, as well as the solution of ethyl acetate (1 liter) was added to the reactor and the clock was started when ca. 50% was added. 7. After 30 seconds, the ca. 200 ml ample was withdrawn from the reactor and straight after that, its conductivity was measured, noting time. The sample was then returned to the reactor and the probe to the bath. 8. This was repeated every 30 seconds for 10 minutes. 9. The experiment was allowed to run for another 20 minutes, this time taking readings every 3 minutes. 10. The experiment was then repeated at different temperatures of ICC and ICC Observations It was observed that the conductivity readings obtained at ICC, ICC and ICC decreases with time.

Overcoming Empty Nest Syndrome

Overcoming Empty Nest Syndrome As sure as summer turns to fall, every August thousands of women across the country experience a unique form of heartbreak. It’s not unrequited love – it’s the bittersweet act of sending a child off to college. Empty nest syndrome creates anxiety for even the most independent of women. Next to childbirth, it’s one of the biggest transitions of motherhood. Departure - Not Abandonment For many, it’s a personal struggle to come to terms with one’s own feelings of loss and change. Mindy Holgate, 45, an office manager from New York, was surprised at how deeply she was affected by her daughter Emily’s departure for a large state university three hours away. â€Å"It was huge. We had a friendship as well as a mother/daughter relationship. When that was taken away, I felt so lonely.† Holgate says she cried for two weeks after saying goodbye last August. She also admits that she resented Emily and felt abandoned. But now, looking back with a year’s perspective under her belt, she acknowledges, â€Å"That was all about me, not her. Having that bond and then letting go was my own issue.† Transplantating Your Child Like Holgate, many mothers who sing the empty nest blues cant see beyond the hole created by a child’s absence. And maybe it’s the phrase ‘empty nest’ that’s partly to blame. The following analogy expresses this transition in a more positive light: Imagine transplanting a flower or bush to a new location so it can grow healthier and stronger. For this to successfully occur, you have to dig up the plant and sever its roots. There’s an initial shock to the system, but planted in its new surroundings, it extends new roots and eventually establishes itself more firmly than before. And the hole that’s left behind can be filled in with fertile soil ready to nurture new opportunities. Mother - Not Friend Letting go seems especially challenging for baby boomer mothers. Many pride themselves on being a friend first and a parent second. This may be why a term used by college administrators – helicopter parenting – has entered the mainstream to describe a mother and/or father who hovers to the detriment of their child’s personal growth and development. Anyone familiar with the cell phone habits of teenagers knows that constant contact with friends, whether texting or calling, is commonplace. But a responsible mother who wants what’s best for her college freshman has to behave like a parent – not a friend. She needs to refrain from picking up the phone and calling or sending text messages daily, or even weekly. School of Hard Knocks Let your child reach out to you and establish his or her own terms for staying in touch. They’re the ones who have to learn the ins and outs of college classes, dorm life, relationships, newfound freedom, and financial responsibility. Over-involvment - or trying to smooth over the rough spots that arise in college life - takes away opportunities for your child to envision solutions or develop coping strategies. Holgate found this out herself when her daughter casually mentioned in a phone conversation that she’d lost her student dining card and couldn’t access her meal plan. Though Holgate was frustrated that her daughter hadn’t thought to contact student services with her problem, she knew it was all a part of growing up. â€Å"Out of Your Hands† And the benefit of letting go? A life that blooms independently on its own. Holgate sees the process as similar to paying out rope: â€Å"First you ease it little by little, then suddenly it just slips out of your hands and you’ve let go.† She realized she’d let go when her daughter Emily decided to go to Canada this summer for a week with friends. â€Å"I didn’t ask her where she was staying, where I could reach her, or what she’d be doing. And I almost felt guilty about it. Last summer I wouldn’t have imagined I’d feel this way. Over the past year, the process of letting go almost happened right under my nose without my noticing it.† Holgate’s advice to mothers currently facing this situation: â€Å"Let the kid go. And don’t lose sight of the fact that it’s a transition for both of you.†